July 2024, Vol 178, No. 7, Pages 635-732

Viewpoint

Artificial Intelligence and Pediatric Care

Safe and Equitable Pediatric Clinical Use of AI

Jessica L. Handley, MA; Christoph U. Lehmann, MD; Raj M. Ratwani, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(7):637-638. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.0897

This Viewpoint provides recommendations and stakeholder actions to support safe and equitable use of artificial intelligence (AI) in pediatric clinical settings.

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Certificates of Confidentiality and Mandatory Reporting

Leslie E. Wolf, JD, MPH; Natalie Ram, JD; Elizabeth J. Letourneau, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(7):639-640. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.0900

This Viewpoint discusses the importance of obtaining federal certificates of confidentiality to free researchers to perform important research into child sexual abuse.

Disclosure Is an Essential Component of Ethical Practice: “I Am the Child Abuse Pediatrician”

Mical Raz, MD, PhD; Josh Gupta-Kagan, JD; Andrea G. Asnes, MD, MSW

Abstract Full Text

JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(7):641-642. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.1110

This Viewpoint explains the role of child abuse pediatricians and makes specific recommendations for communicating their role in medical care.

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Time for a Kids Progress Administration: US Department of the Treasury Stepping Up

Neal Halfon, MD, MPH; Shirley Ann Russ, MD, MPH; Nathaniel Z. Counts, JD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(7):643-644. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.1113

This Viewpoint proposes the creation of a Kids Progress Administration housed under the US Department of the Treasury to address children’s long-term health and well-being.

Translational Science

Evolution of Gene Therapy for Inborn Errors of Immunity

Ido Somekh, MD, PhD; Ayal Hendel, PhD; Raz Somech, MD, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(7):645-646. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.1116

This Viewpoint reviews the history and current state of gene therapy for inborn errors of immunity.

Moving eConsults Into Mainstream Pediatric Care

Kristin N. Ray, MD, MS; Samuel R. Wittman, MS; Ateev Mehrotra, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(7):647-648. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.1119

This Viewpoint discusses strategies and considerations for moving electronic consultations (eConsults) into mainstream pediatric practice.

Original Investigation

Effect of Low-Dose Iron Supplementation on Early Development in Breastfed Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Ludwig Svensson; Grzegorz Chmielewski, MD; Emilia Czyżewska, MLS, PhD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

has audio

JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(7):649-656. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.1095

This randomized clinical trial evaluates the effect of daily iron supplementation on the psychomotor development of breastfed infants.

Audio: Iron Supplementation and Early Development in Low-Risk Breastfed Infants

Immediate vs Gradual Brace Weaning Protocols in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Prudence Wing Hang Cheung, BDSc (Hons), PhD; Oi Kiu Olivia Chan; Hao Wu, MPhil; et al.

Abstract Full Text

open access

JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(7):657-668. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.1484

This randomized clinical trial compares gradual weaning vs immediate brace removal in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

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US Immigration Policy Stressors and Latinx Youth Mental Health

Kathleen M. Roche, PhD; Rebecca M. B. White, PhD; Roushanac Partovi, MPH; et al.

Abstract Full Text

JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(7):669-677. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.1153

This cohort study investigates the association between immigration-related stressors and both parent-child relationships and Latinx youth mental health symptoms from early to late adolescence.

Patterns of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Neurocognitive Development

Jing Yu, PhD; Denise L. Haynie, PhD; Stephen E. Gilman, ScD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(7):678-687. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.1318

This cohort study examines the associations of various patterns of childhood adversities with children’s neurocognitive functions.

Long-Term Cardiovascular Outcomes in Children and Adolescents With Hypertension

Cal H. Robinson, MD; Junayd Hussain, MSc; Nivethika Jeyakumar, MSc; et al.

Abstract Full Text

JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(7):688-698. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.1543

This cohort study investigates the association between hypertension and risk of major adverse cardiac events in children and adolescents.

Spirometry Interpretation After Implementation of Race-Neutral Reference Equations in Children

Erick Forno, MD, MPH; Daniel J. Weiner, MD; Christian Rosas-Salazar, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(7):699-706. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.1341

This cross-sectional study evaluates the association between adopting race-neutral reference equations and spirometry interpretation in children.

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Prevalence and Correlates of Unstable Housing Among US Children

Lydie A. Lebrun-Harris, PhD, MPH; Megan Sandel, MD, MPH; Richard Sheward, MPP; et al.

Abstract Full Text

JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(7):707-717. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.1159

This survey study analyzes data from the 2022 National Survey of Children’s Health to estimate the prevalence of unstable housing among US children and examine differences by sociodemographic characteristics and health and associations with other hardships.

JAMA Pediatrics Patient Page

What Parents Need to Know About Peanut Allergy

Alexander W. Fender, MD; Jennifer L. Thompson, MD; Lindsay A. Thompson, MD, MS

Abstract Full Text

free access

JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(7):732. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.0506

This JAMA Pediatrics Patient Page describes peanut allergy guidelines and the importance of giving peanut protein to young children to prevent development of an allergy.

Research Letter

Adolescent Mental Health

Outcomes of Children Admitted to a Pediatric Observation Unit With a Psychiatric Comanagement Model

Rachel G. Kasdin, MS; Mary Rojas, PhD; William Bonadio, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(7):718-719. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.1123

This cohort study describes outcomes of children requiring admission for mental health emergencies who receive psychiatric cotreatment in a pediatric observation unit.

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Mandatory Child Protective Services Reporting for Substance-Exposed Newborns and Peripartum Outcomes: A Difference-in-Differences Analysis

Rohan Khazanchi, MD, MPH; Elisha M. Wachman, MD; Davida M. Schiff, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(7):719-722. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.0903

This cross-sectional study examines data across 17 birthing hospitals before and after a policy change at Boston Medical Center in how reporting decisions are made in cases of prenatal substance exposure.

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Variations by State in Firearm Suicide Among US Children and Young Adults, 2016-2021

Kerri A. McKie, MD, MPH; Rebecca C. Bell, MD, MPH; Lois K. Lee, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(7):722-725. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.1128

This cross-sectional study examines variations by state in firearm suicide rates in US children and young adults from 2016 to 2021 using data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Differential Changes in Benefits Use During Pregnancy Across Demographic Groups Following Benefits Digitization

Muqi Guo, MS; Margaret McConnell, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(7):725-727. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.1333

This cross-sectional study examines differential changes in participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children during pregnancy across demographic groups, following the transition to electronic benefit transfer.

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